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Isaac Newton
● Isaac Newton was born on January 4, 1642 at Woolsthorpe near Grantham in England.
● He is often regarded as the most fundamental and influential theorist in the history of science.
● He was born in a poor farming family, but he was not skilled in farming.
● In 1661, he was sent to Cambridge University to get education.
● Plague was spread in Cambridge in 1665 AD and Newton got a year's leave. It is said that in the same year the incident of apple falling on him happened.
● This event inspired Newton to explore the possibility of a connection between the force that keeps the Moon in its orbit and the force of gravity.
● From this he discovered the law of universal gravitation.
● The unique fact here is that even before him many great scientists knew about gravity, but they failed to understand its importance.
● Newton formulated the famous laws of motion.
● He worked on the principles of light and color.
● He designed astronomical telescope (reflector in 1668) for astronomical observations.
● Newton was also a great mathematician; he discovered a new branch of mathematics called Calculus.
● He used this to prove that for objects located outside a sphere of uniform density, the sphere behaves as if all its mass were concentrated at its center.
● Newton changed the structure of physical science with his three laws of motion and law of universal gravitation.
● In the major scientific revolution of the seventeenth century, Newton combined the contributions of Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo and others with his own work into a powerful new synthesis.
● It is noteworthy that the theory of gravity had not yet been verified, although there was no doubt about its correctness. The reason for this was that Newton's theory was based on sound scientific reasoning and was also confirmed by mathematics.
● Due to this, this principle became simple yet elegant. These characteristics are still expected of a good scientific theory even today.

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