Hot spots on DNA are sites that have a high probability of crossing over during meiosis. In contrast, cold spots have a low probability of crossing over.

Hunter syndrome is an X-linked recessive disorder that causes various symptoms, including abnormal hairiness, mental retardation, and a long protruding tongue. However, muscular deterioration is not a characteristic of Hunter syndrome but is a symptom of another disorder called Duncan muscular dystrophy. Therefore, the answer to this question is A.

Partial sex linkage refers to the genes present in the terminal regions (PAR) of the sex chromosome. While the X and Y chromosome pair during meiosis and pairing occurs in the terminal region, the inheritance pattern of the genes in the PAR region is not like that of sex-linked genes. Instead, it resembles that of autosomal genes. Therefore, the statement in option C is incorrect.

Huntington's disease is an autosomal dominant disorder that is caused by an abnormal expansion of CAG trinucleotide repeats in the huntingtin gene. The normal range of CAG repeats in this gene is 10 to 35, but in individuals with Huntington's disease, the number of CAG repeats is greater than 40, leading to the production of a toxic protein that damages nerve cells in the brain.

A dihybrid cross is the cross that involves the analysis of two independent traits. This law shows that during gametogenesis, the assortment of one pair of genes is independent of the other pair.

Linkage is the tendency of two or more than two genes to stay together during inheritance. It can be broken by the process of homologous recombination, which occurs during crossing over in the pachytene stage of prophase I. This results in the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes, leading to a new combination of alleles.

The linkage group refers to the group of genes that are physically linked together. The number of linkage groups represents the haploid number of chromosomes in a species. The linkage groups can be correlated as the number of homologous pairs. Therefore, option D, which states that linkage groups are not correlated with each other, is false.

Alleles are alternate forms of genes that occupy the same position on homologous chromosomes and are responsible for determining specific traits in an organism. They can be dominant or recessive and can result in different phenotypic expressions of a particular gene.

The incorrect statement about Pisum sativum is that it has a long life cycle. In reality, peas have a relatively short life cycle and are easy to cultivate. Additionally, they undergo self-fertilization, have bisexual flowers, and exhibit well-defined, discrete characteristics that made them an ideal species for genetics research.

Mendel chose Pisum sativum, commonly known as garden pea, for his experiments because of its various advantages, such as its distinct characteristics and ability to self-fertilize. He used this plant to study the inheritance of traits, which led to his discovery of the basic principles of genetics.