How do you handle exceptions in Python?

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Answer:

Handling exceptions in Python is done using the try and except keywords. The try statement is used to wrap a block of code that may raise an exception, and the except statement is used to catch and handle any exceptions that are raised.

Here is an example of how to handle an exception in Python:

try:
    # Code that may raise an exception
    result = int("a")
except ValueError as e:
    # Code that is executed if a ValueError is raised
    print("Cannot convert string to int:", e)

In this example, the try block contains code that may raise an exception (in this case, a ValueError exception is raised when trying to convert a string to an integer). The except block contains code that is executed if an exception of the specified type (ValueError) is raised. The e variable contains the exception object, which can be used to obtain more information about the exception.

You can catch multiple types of exceptions in the same try block by using multiple except blocks. For example:

try:
    # Code that may raise an exception
    result = int("a") / 0
except ValueError as e:
    # Code that is executed if a ValueError is raised
    print("Cannot convert string to int:", e)
except ZeroDivisionError as e:
    # Code that is executed if a ZeroDivisionError is raised
    print("Cannot divide by zero:", e)

In this example, the try block contains code that may raise two different types of exceptions: ValueError and ZeroDivisionError. The first except block catches the ValueError exception, and the second except block catches the ZeroDivisionError exception.

You can also catch all exceptions using the Exception class, which is a base class for all exceptions in Python:

try:
    # Code that may raise an exception
    result = int("a") / 0
except Exception as e:
    # Code that is executed if any exception is raised
    print("An exception occurred:", e)

Using the Exception class to catch all exceptions can be useful for debugging, but it should be used with caution in production code, as it may hide important information about the specific type of exception that was raised.

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