Advent of Europeans

Portuguese East India Company established in the year of 1498.

The Cape route was discovered from Europe to India by Vasco da Gama. He reached the port of Calicut on May 17, 1498 and was received by the Hindu ruler of Calicut.

Cochin was the early capital of the Portuguese in India. Later Goa replaced it.

Battle of Bedera was fought between British and Duch near Chinsurah, India on 25 November 1759.

Captain William Hawkins arrived at Jahangir's court in 1609 to seek permission to open a factory at Surat. A Farman was issued by Jahangir permitting the British to build a factory at Surat in 1613.

The first French factory was established at Surat by Francois Caron in 1668.

Francisco de Almeida was the first governor of Portuguese. he introduced the policy of Blue water.

Headquarters of Denish East India Company was Serampore, Bengal from 1676 to 1845.

Sir Thomas Roe came to Jahangir's court as an ambassador of James I in the year of 1615 to obtain the permission to trade and erect factories in different parts of empire.

Treaty of Aix-La-Chapelle signed between British and French to stop First Anglo-French war in India.

The policy of Imperialism introduced by Alfonso d'Albuquerque. He was the second governor of Portuguese. He captured Goa from the ruler of Bijapur in 1510.

Dupleix came to India as a French governor in 1742.

Fransisco Xavier arrived in India with Martin Alfonso de Souza. He was The famous Jesuit Saint.

Treaty of Paris sign between French and British to end the third and final Anglo-French war in India. Pondechery was returned to French by this treaty.

French was set up factory at Masulipatnam in 1669.

Treaty of Pondicherry was signed between British and French to end second Anglo-French war in 1754.

The beginning of the Middle Ages is traditionally marked by the fall of the Western Roman Empire in AD 476, which fragmented the former lands of the Western Empire into a number of different states.

Answer: The migratory people settling down and forming state societies of their own. Explanation: The transition period out of the classical era was marked by the migratory people settling down and forming state societies of their own, as the Germanic people began to make gradual incursions into various parts of the Roman Empire.

During the Early Modern Europe, technological changes such as the printing press and the Age of Exploration changed how warfare was conducted and how knowledge was preserved and disseminate

Answer: The Protestant Reformation. Explanation: The Protestant Reformation led to the fragmentation of religious thought during the Early Modern Europe, as it challenged the authority of the Roman Catholic Church.

Answer: The exploitation of the people and resources of colonies. Explanation: The Age of Exploration led to colonization, and the exploitation of the people and resources of colonies brought resources and wealth to Europe.

Answer: The Crusades. Explanation: The High Middle Ages was marked by the height of the political system of feudalism and attempts to retake the Levant from the Muslim states that occupied it, making it the age of The Crusades.

Answer: 476 AD. The Fall of the Western Roman Empire traditionally marks the start of the Middle Ages.

Answer: Frankish Empire of Charlemagne. The Frankish Empire of Charlemagne was the first great empire of the Middle Ages.

Answer: Early Modern Europe. Early Modern Europe is usually dated to the end of the 15th century.

Answer: Gunpowder and the printing press. Gunpowder and the printing press changed how warfare was conducted and how knowledge was preserved and disseminated in Early Modern Europe.

Answer: A movement that sought to fragment religious thought. The Protestant Reformation saw the fragmentation of religious thought, leading to religious wars.

Answer: The Age of Exploration. The Age of Exploration led to colonization.

Answer: A barrier separating Eastern and Western Europe during the Cold War. The Iron Curtain was a barrier separating Eastern and Western Europe during the Cold War.

Answer: The breaking up of large Empires into nation-states. World War I led to the remaking of the map of Europe as the large Empires were broken up into nation-states.

Answer: The European integration process. The gradual development of the European integration process led to the creation of the European Union.

Answer: C Explanation: Classical antiquity marks the emergence of the city-states of ancient Greece.

Answer: B Explanation: Copper-based tools and weapons were introduced during the later Neolithic period.

Answer: A Explanation: The transitional period that occurred at the end of the Middle Ages is known as the Renaissance.

Answer: A Explanation: Gunpowder is credited with changing how warfare was conducted in early modern Europe.

Answer: B Explanation: The gradual development of the European integration process, which led to the creation of the European Union, began during the Cold War.

Answer: c)  7000 BC
Explanation: The Neolithic era began around  7000 BC

Answer: c) Balkan peninsula and Black Sea region.
Explanation: The Balkan peninsula and Black Sea region brought agriculture, new technologies, and the Indo-European languages to Europe during the Neolithic er

Answer: c) 5th century BC
Explanation: Classical antiquity began with the emergence of the city-states of Ancient Greece in the 5th century BC

Answer: Greek Empire.
Explanation: The expansive empire that spread throughout Asia, Africa, and other parts of Europe was the Greek Empire, under the rule of Alexander the Great.

Answer: Roman Empire.
Explanation: The Roman Empire was divided into the Western and Eastern empires by 300 A

Answer: c) Germanic peoples.
Explanation: The Germanic peoples of Northern Europe, pressed by the Huns, grew in strength and led repeated attacks that resulted in the Fall of the Western Roman Empire during the 4th and 5th centuries.

Answer: AD 476.
Explanation: The Western Roman Empire collapsed in AD 476.

Answer: Franks.
Explanation: Of all of the Germanic peoples, the Franks rose to a position of hegemony over Western Europe, with their empire reaching its peak under Charlemagne around 800.

Answer: Minoan and Mycenaean
Explanation: The Minoan and Mycenaean civilizations were two of the best-known civilizations of the late prehistoric Europe, which flourished during the Bronze Age until they collapsed around 1200 BC

Answer: Classical antiquity
Explanation: The period known as classical antiquity began with the emergence of the city-states of Ancient Greece.

Answer: Persian Empire
Explanation: The Greco-Persian Wars in the 5th century BC were led by the Persian Empire, which was ultimately checked by the Greeks.

Answer: The Fall of the Western Roman Empire
Explanation: The Western Roman Empire's collapse in AD 476 traditionally marks the end of the classical period and the start of the Middle Ages.

Answer: c) The Byzantine Empire
Explanation: The Byzantine Empire, the eastern part of the Roman Empire with its capital Constantinople, survived for the next 1000 years after the collapse of the Western Roman Empire and was the most dominant, powerful economic, cultural, and military force in Europe.

Answer: The Vikings
Explanation: The Russia's people founded Kievan Rus', which evolved into Russia

Answer: To bring the Levant back under Christian rule

Explanation: The Crusades were a series of religiously motivated military expeditions originally intended to bring the Levant back under Christian rule.

Answer: The Mongol Empire.
Explanation: The Mongol Empire, led by Genghis Khan, dominated Eastern Europe during the High Middle Ages.

Answer: The Fall of Constantinople.
Explanation: The Fall of Constantinople in 1453 marked the end of the Middle Ages according to historians.

Answer: The Renaissance.
Explanation: The Renaissance of knowledge challenged traditional doctrines in science and theology in the 14th century.

Answer: Martin Luther.
Explanation: Martin Luther challenged Papal authority during the Protestant Reformation.

Answer: The discovery of America
Explanation: The beginning of the Age of Discovery was marked by the discovery of America in the 1490s.

Answer: The Industrial Revolution began independently of any political event.
Explanation: The Industrial Revolution began in Britain based on coal, steam, and textile mills, and was not directly spurred by any political event.

Answer: Napoleon Bonaparte.
Explanation: Napoleon Bonaparte took control of France during the French Revolution.

Answer: 1861
Explanation: The last vestiges of serfdom were abolished in Russia in 1861.

Answer: The Greek War of Independence.
Explanation: The Greek War of Independence in the 1820s led Greece and other Balkan nations to begin a long road to independence from the Ottoman Empire.

Answer: The rise of nationalism in Southeastern Europe. The outbreak of the First World War was primarily caused by the rise of nationalism in Southeastern Europe, which led to a series of political crises and alliances that eventually led to the outbreak of war.

Answer: c) Russia.
The 1917 October Revolution in Russia led to the establishment of the world's first communist state, the Soviet Union.

Answer: Germany and Austria-Hungary. The Central Powers in the First World War were primarily composed of Germany and Austria-Hungary, along with their allies.

Answer: Britain, France, and the United States. The Allies, led by Britain, France, and the United States, defeated the Central Powers in the First World War.

Answer: An agreement that ended the First World War.
The Treaty of Versailles was an agreement signed after the end of the First World War that imposed harsh penalties on Germany and its allies.

While religious motivations certainly played a role in European exploration, the primary driving force was economic. European powers sought to establish new trade routes to Asia and acquire valuable resources such as spices, precious metals, and exotic goods. They also sought to establish colonies as markets for their own goods and to provide raw materials for their growing industries. While the spread of European culture and civilization was often touted as a justification for colonization, it was a secondary goal at best.