Laws of motion

Inertia is the inherent property of a body to resist any change in its state of rest or the state of uniform motion, unless it is influenced upon by an external unbalanced force.

The resistance of a body to change its state of rest is called inertia of rest.

The resistance of a body to change its direction of motion is called inertia of direction. of the above

The impact of a force on a body is measured by the physical quantity called momentum.

The formula for linear momentum is p = mv, where p is the momentum, m is the mass, and v is the velocity of the body..

The unit of momentum in the SI system is kg m/s.

Mechanics is the branch of physics that deals with the effect of force on bodies..

Statics is the branch of mechanics that deals with bodies at rest under the action of forces.

Kinematics is the branch of mechanics that deals with the motion of bodies without considering the cause of motion.

According to Aristotle, the natural state of earthly bodies is 'rest'.

Dynamics is the branch of mechanics that deals with moving bodies under the action of forces..

According to Galileo's concept of force and motion, when a force is applied to a body, it resists any change in its state. This property of bodies is called inertia .

When a car makes a sharp turn, a person leaning sideways is an example of inertia of direction. When a body resists any change in its state of motion, it is called inertia of motion.

Linear momentum is defined to quantify the impact of a force on a body. It is the product of mass and velocity of a moving body and is a vector quantity.

Thermodynamics is a branch of physics that deals with the relationships between heat, work, energy, and temperature.

Galileo proposed that a body in motion will continue to be in the same state of motion as long as no external force is applied He also stated that when a force is applied on bodies, they resist any change in their state, which is known as inertia .

The unit of momentum in the CGS system is g cm/s, where g is the gram unit of mass and cm/s is the unit of velocity.

Inertia of direction refers to the resistance of a body to change its direction of motion. Therefore, option D) is the correct answer..

The correct answer is Newton’s first law. This law of motion states that every body continues to be in its state of rest or uniform motion along a straight line unless acted upon by some external force.

Newton's First Law states that a body in motion continues to move at a constant velocity unless acted upon by an external force. Therefore, the correct answer is A)

An external force is a force that comes from outside the object or system in question. Gravity and inertia are internal forces, while friction is a force that opposes motion but is still internal to the system. Only a push or pull from an external source can be considered an external force.)

Force can be transmitted through contact, such as a push or pull, but it can also act at a distance, such as the gravitational force between two objects. Therefore, C is not true, and the correct answer is C)

Like parallel forces act in the same direction, while unlike parallel forces act in opposite directions. However, the magnitude of the forces is the key difference - like parallel forces are equal in magnitude, while unlike parallel forces may be unequal in magnitude. Therefore, the correct answer is B)

When two forces of equal magnitude act in opposite directions, they cancel each other out, resulting in a net force of zero. Therefore, the correct answer is A)

When a system is in equilibrium, the net force acting on the system is zero. The equilibrant is a force that is equal in magnitude but opposite in direction to the resultant force, such that when the two forces are added together, the net force is zero. Therefore, the correct answer is C)

Gravitational force, frictional force, and elastic force are all types of forces. Electrical force is a type of non-contact force that exists between charged particles.

Force is an external effort in the form of push or pull that produces or tries to produce the motion of a static body, stops or tries to stop a moving body, or changes or tries to change the direction of motion of a moving body.

A vector quantity has both magnitude and direction. Force is a vector quantity because it has both magnitude (measured in Newtons) and direction.

If two or more equal forces or unequal forces act along opposite directions parallel to each other, then they are called unlike parallel forces.

When several forces act simultaneously on the same body, then the combined effect of the multiple forces can be represented by a single force, which is termed as ‘resultant force’.

If the resultant force of all the forces acting on a body is equal to zero, then the body will be in equilibrium. Such forces are called balanced forces.

The rotating or turning effect of a force about a fixed point or fixed axis is called moment of the force about that point or torque.

The unit of torque is newton metre (Nm) in the SI system and dyne cm in the CGS system.

A couple is defined as two equal and unlike parallel forces applied simultaneously at two distinct points, which do not produce any translatory motion but cause the rotation of the body. Turning a tap involves two equal and opposite forces applied at different points, which results in the rotation of the tap.

Torque is a vector quantity that is measured by the product of the force and the perpendicular distance between the fixed point or fixed axis and the line of action of the force. Its SI unit is Newton-meter.

A body is said to be in equilibrium if the resultant force acting on it is zero. This means that the sum of all the forces acting on the body is zero, and there is no net force to cause any change in the state of motion of the body.

Inertia is the property of a body that tends to resist any change in its state of motion. This means that a body at rest tends to remain at rest, and a body in motion tends to continue moving with a constant velocity in a straight line unless acted upon by an external force.

The moment of a force is the rotating or turning effect of a force about a fixed point or fixed axis and is measured by the product of the force and the perpendicular distance between the fixed point or the fixed axis and the line of action of the force. Its formula is τ = F × d.

A gear is a mechanical component that consists of a circular wheel with teeth around its rim. It is used to transmit power and change the speed of rotation by changing the torque.

The principle of moments states that in a state of equilibrium, the algebraic sum of the moments of all the individual forces about any point is equal to zero.

According to Newton’s second law of motion, the force acting on a body is directly proportional to the rate of change of linear momentum of the body and the change in momentum takes place in the direction of the force.

The formula for change in momentum is Δp = Pf – Pi, where Pf is the final momentum of the body and Pi is the initial momentum of the body.

According to Newton’s second law of motion, force is equal to the product of mass and acceleration, i.e., F = m × a.

The unit of force in the SI system of units is newton (N).

Newton's second law of motion states that the force acting on a body is directly proportional to the rate of change of its momentum, which is also equal to the product of its mass and acceleration. Thus, the correct statement is that the force acting on a body is directly proportional to the acceleration of the body.

The SI unit of force is the newton (N), which is defined as the force required to produce an acceleration of 1 meter per second squared (m/s^2) in a body of mass 1 kilogram (kg).

In the CGS system, the gravitational unit of force is the gram force (gf), which is defined as the force required to produce an acceleration of 1 centimeter per second squared (cm/s^2) in a body of mass 1 gram (g).

According to Newton's second law of motion, force = mass × acceleration. Therefore, the force required to produce an acceleration of 5 m/s^2 in a body of mass 2 kg is 2 kg × 5 m/s^2 = 10 N.

Impulse is defined as the product of force and time, represented by the symbol J. It is given by J = F x t.

A change in momentum can be achieved in two ways: a large force acting for a short period of time and a smaller force acting for a longer period of time.

According to Newton's third law, for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. When a body A applies a force FA on a body B, body B reacts with force FB on body A, which is equal to FA in magnitude and opposite in direction.

The principle of conservation of linear momentum states that the momentum of a system of bodies remains constant as long as no net external force acts on them.

In the absence of an external force, the algebraic sum of the momentum after collision is numerically equal to the sum of the momentum before collision.

Newton's third law of motion states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction, and they always act on two different bodies.

The principle of conservation of linear momentum holds true when there is no net external force acting on a system of bodies. This means that the total momentum of the system before an event (like a collision) is equal to the total momentum of the system after the event.

According to the law of conservation of linear momentum, the algebraic sum of the momentum after a collision (or any event) in the absence of an external force is equal to the sum of the momentum before the collision.

Newton’s Third Law of Motion states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. They always act on two different bodies.

If a body A applies a force FA on a body B, then the body B reacts with force FB on the body A, which is equal to FA in magnitude but opposite in direction.

The product of force and time is known as impulse, represented by J.

Change in momentum can be achieved in two ways: a large force acting for a short period of time and a smaller force acting for a longer period of time.

The unit of impulse is Ns or kgm/s.

Boxing Day is celebrated on December 26, unless that day is a Sunday, in which case it's celebrated on the 27th. It is a holiday celebrated in the Commonwealth of Nations, including the UK, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand.

Newton's Third Law of Motion states that every action has an equal and opposite reaction. In the case of a swimmer pushing water backwards with their hands, the action is the swimmer pushing the water, and the reaction is the water pushing the swimmer forward.

Impulse is always equal to the magnitude of change in momentum, regardless of whether the force acting on an object is constant or not, or whether the mass of the object is constant or not.

The unit of impulse is Newton-second (Ns), which is also equivalent to kilogram-meter per second (kgm/s).

When a fielder catches a ball, they experience a smaller force for a longer period of time, resulting in a lesser impulse on their hands. This is an example of a situation where a smaller force acts for a longer period of time to achieve a change in momentum.

An impulsive force is a large force acting for a very short interval of time. When a hammer hits a nail, it exerts a large force on the nail for a very short period of time, which is an example of an impulsive force.

Impulse is equal to the product of force and time, as given by the equation J = F × t.

Rockets are propelled by burning fuel which creates a high-speed gas that is ejected from the nozzle, producing momentum. To balance this momentum, an equal and opposite reaction force is produced in the combustion chamber, which makes the rocket project forward. This is based on the law of conservation of momentum.

When a rocket reaches a velocity that is sufficient to just escape the gravitational pull of the Earth, it is called escape velocity.

The force between two masses is called gravitational force, and it is always attractive. It is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers.

The acceleration due to the gravitational force of the Earth is called the acceleration due to gravity or simply g. Its mean value on the surface of the Earth is 9.8 m/s^2.

The universal gravitational constant (G) is a physical constant that appears in the equation for Newton's law of gravitation. Its value in SI units is 6.674 x 10^-11 Nm^2/kg^2.

The acceleration due to gravity on the surface of the Earth is approximately 9.8 ms^-2. This means that the velocity of a body during the downward free fall motion varies by 9.8 ms^-1 for every 1 second.

The acceleration due to gravity (g) on the surface of the Earth is related to the universal gravitational constant (G) and the radius of the Earth (R) by the equation g = GM/R^2.

The escape velocity is the minimum speed an object needs to achieve to escape the gravitational pull of a massive body, such as the Earth. In the case of a rocket leaving the Earth's atmosphere, it needs to reach the escape velocity in order to overcome the gravitational pull of the Earth and leave the atmosphere.

The value of the universal gravitational constant is 6.674 × 10⁻¹¹ Nm²/kg².

The unit of acceleration due to gravity is m/s².

The relation between acceleration due to gravity and the universal gravitational constant is g = GM/R².

The mass of the Earth is 5.972 × 10²⁴ kg.

The acceleration due to gravity at sea level on Earth is approximately 9.8 m/s².

Mass is the basic property of a body and is defined as the quantity of matter contained in the body.

The SI unit of mass is kilogram (kg).

Weight is defined as the gravitational force exerted on a body due to the gravity.

The SI unit of weight is Newton (N).

The direction of weight is always towards the center of the Earth.

The value of g is maximum at the South Pole.

When you move to a higher altitude from the surface of the Earth, the value of g decreases.

The value of g is zero at the center of the Earth.

The weight of a body is more at the North Pole than at the equator.