Logical Operators in R Programming Language
Table of Content:
Logical Operators
Following table shows the logical operators supported by R language. It is applicable only to vectors of type logical, numeric or complex. All numbers greater than 1 are considered as logical value TRUE.
Each element of the first vector is compared with the corresponding element of the second vector. The result of comparison is a Boolean value.
| Operator | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| & | It is called Element-wise Logical AND operator. It combines each element of the first vector with the corresponding element of the second vector and gives a output TRUE if both the elements are TRUE. | a <- c(3,1,TRUE,2+3i) b <- c(4,1,FALSE,2+3i) print(a&b) it produces the following result − [1] TRUE TRUE FALSE TRUE |
| | | It is called Element-wise Logical OR operator. It combines each element of the first vector with the corresponding element of the second vector and gives a output TRUE if one the elements is TRUE. | a <- c(3,0,TRUE,2+2i) b <- c(4,0,FALSE,2+3i) print(a|b) it produces the following result − [1] TRUE FALSE TRUE TRUE |
| ! | It is called Logical NOT operator. Takes each element of the vector and gives the opposite logical value. | a <- c(3,0,TRUE,2+2i) print(!a) it produces the following result − [1] FALSE TRUE FALSE FALSE |
The logical operator && and || considers only the first element of the vectors and give a vector of single element as output.
| Operator | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| && | Called Logical AND operator. Takes first element of both the vectors and gives the TRUE only if both are TRUE. | a <- c(3,0,TRUE,2+2i) b <- c(1,3,TRUE,2+3i) print(a&&b) it produces the following result − [1] TRUE |
| || | Called Logical OR operator. Takes first element of both the vectors and gives the TRUE if one of them is TRUE. | a <- c(0,0,TRUE,2+2i) b <- c(0,3,TRUE,2+3i) print(a||b) it produces the following result − [1] FALSE
|
More Examples
Operators & and | perform element-wise operation producing result having length of the longer operand.
But && and || examines only the first element of the operands resulting into a single length logical vector.
Zero is considered FALSE and non-zero numbers are taken as TRUE. An example run.
> x <- c(TRUE,FALSE,0,6)
> y <- c(FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,TRUE)
> !x
[1] FALSE TRUE TRUE FALSE
> x&y
[1] FALSE FALSE FALSE TRUE
> x&&y
[1] FALSE
> x|y
[1] TRUE TRUE FALSE TRUE
> x||y
[1] TRUE