Out of fgets() and gets() which function is safe to use and why?

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Answer:

fgets() is safer than gets(), because we can specify a maximum input length. Neither one is completely safe, because the compiler can't prove that programmer won't overflow the buffer he pass to fgets ().

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356. Describe the history of C programming language.

Answer:

C programming language is a structure oriented programming language, was developed at Bell Laboratories in 1972 by Dennis Ritchie
C language features were derived from earlier language called “B” (Basic Combined Programming Language – BCPL)
In earlier days, programs were written in assembly level language. So, it had happened to write very big programs to perform specific tasks using assembly code.
But, ‘B’ language could perform the same task in few lines of program and it was faster than assemble language code.
But, B language did not support some features like data types and structures etc. So, this was a drawback of B language. So, Dennis Ritchie developed C language by keeping most part of the B language and adding many features that produced powerful and effective outputs.
So, C language was invented for implementing UNIX operating system. Most of the UNIX components were rewritten in C.
In 1978, Dennis Ritchie and Brian Kernighan published the first edition “The C Programming Language” and commonly known as K&R C
In 1983, the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) established a committee to provide a modern, comprehensive definition of C. The resulting definition, the ANSI standard, or “ANSI C”, was completed late 1988.
C89/C90 standard – First standardized specification for C language was developed by American National Standards Institute in 1989. C89 and C90 standards refer to the same programming language.
C99 standard – Next revision was published in 1999 that introduced new futures like advanced data types and other changes.
C11 standard adds new features to C and library like type generic macros, anonymous structures, improved Unicode support, atomic operations, multi-threading, and bounds-checked functions. It also makes some portions of the existing C99 library optional, and improves compatibility with C++.
Embedded C includes features not available in normal C like fixed-point arithmetic, named address spaces, and basic I/O hardware addressing.

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