Give examples of syntax errors, runtime errors, and logic errors.

Java Programming Language > Managing Errors and Exception > Compilation and Execution Process

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Answer:

Run Time Error: Run Time errors occur or we can say, are detected during the execution of the program. Sometimes these are discovered when the user enters an invalid data or data which is not relevant. Runtime errors occur when a program does not contain any syntax errors but asks the computer to do something that the computer is unable to reliably do. During compilation, the compiler has no technique to detect these kinds of errors. It is the JVM (Java Virtual Machine) which detects it while the program is running. To handle the error during the run time we can put our error code inside the try block and catch the error inside the catch block.

Compile Time Error: Compile Time Errors are those errors which prevent the code from running because of an incorrect syntax such as a missing semicolon at the end of a statement or a missing bracket, class not found, etc. These errors are detected by the java compiler and an error message is displayed onto the screen while compiling. Compile Time Errors are sometimes also referred to as Syntax errors. These kind of errors are easy to spot and rectify because the java compiler finds them for you. The compiler will tell you which piece of code in the program got in trouble and its best guess as to what you did wrong. Usually, the compiler indicates the exact line where the error is, or sometimes the line just before it, however, if the problem is with incorrectly nested braces, the actual error may be at the beginning of the block. In effect, syntax errors represent grammatical errors in the use of the programming language.

Logical Error: A logic error is when your program compiles and executes, but does the wrong thing or returns an incorrect result or no output when it should be returning an output. These errors are detected neither by compiler nor by JVM. The Java system has no idea what your program is supposed to do, so it provides no additional information to help you find the error. Logical errors are also called Semantic Errors. These errors are caused due to an incorrect idea or concept used by a programmer while coding. Syntax errors are grammatical errors whereas, logical errors are errors arising out of an incorrect meaning.

For example: if a programmer accidentally adds two variables when he or she meant to divide them, the program will give no error and will execute successfully but with an incorrect result.

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47. If you forget to put a closing quotation mark on a string, what kind error will be raised?

# Tutorial: Compilation and Execution Process

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48. If your program needs to read integers, but the user entered strings, an error wouldoccur when running this program. What kind of error is this?

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49. Suppose you write a program for computing the perimeter of a rectangle and you mistakenly write your program so that it computes the area of a rectangle. What kind of error is this?

Answer: Logic error.

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50. Identify and fix the errors in the following code:

Answer:

1 public class Welcome {
2 public void Main(String[] args) {
3 System.out.println('Welcome to Java!);
4 }
5 }

Line 2. Main should be main. 
Line 2. static is missing.
Line 3: Welcome to Java! should be enclosed inside double quotation marks.
Line 5: The last ) should be }.

# Tutorial: JDK - Java Development Kit

Question: Managing Errors and Exception Short

51. The following program is wrong. Reorder the lines so that the program displays morning followed by afternoon .

Answer:

1 public static void main(String[] args) {
2 }
3 public class Welcome {
4 System.out.println("afternoon");
5 System.out.println("morning");
6 }

public class Welcome {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    System.out.println("morning");
    System.out.println("afternoon");
  }
}

# Tutorial: Java Features

Question: Managing Errors and Exception Short

52. What do you know about Java?

Answer:

Java is a high-level programming language originally developed by Sun Microsystems and released in 1995. Java runs on a variety of platforms, such as Windows, Mac OS, and the various versions of UNIX.

# Tutorial: Java Features

Question: Java Evaluation Short

53. What are the supported platforms by Java Programming Language?

Answer: Java runs on a variety of platforms, such as Windows, Mac OS, and the various versions of UNIX/Linux like HP-Unix, Sun Solaris, Redhat Linux, Ubuntu, CentOS, etc.

# Tutorial: Java Features

Question: Overview of Java Language Short

54. List any five features of Java?

Answer:

Some features include Object Oriented, Platform Independent, Robust, Interpreted, Multi-threaded

Object-Oriented: Java is an object-oriented programming language, which means it is based on the concept of objects and classes.
Platform Independent: Java code can run on any device or operating system with a Java Virtual Machine (JVM) installed, making it a "write once, run anywhere" language.
Memory Management: Java has a built-in automatic memory management system, freeing the programmer from having to manually allocate and deallocate memory.
Security: Java has strong security features that help protect against malicious attacks and unauthorized access to sensitive data.
Large Standard Library: Java has a large standard library that provides pre-written code for common tasks, reducing the need to write code from scratch and speeding up the development process.

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55. Why is Java Architectural Neutral?

Answer:

Java is considered to be architecturally neutral because it was designed to be platform-independent. This means that Java code can be compiled on one platform and executed on another platform without modification.

Java achieves platform-independence by using a "compile once, run anywhere" approach. Java code is compiled into bytecode, which is a platform-independent code format that can be executed on any platform that has a Java Virtual Machine (JVM) installed. The JVM interprets the bytecode and executes the Java program.

By using bytecode and a JVM, Java is able to abstract away the underlying platform-specific details and provide a consistent, reliable runtime environment for Java programs. This makes Java well-suited for distributed computing environments, where different systems and architectures may be used.

In summary, Java is architecturally neutral because it separates the code from the underlying platform by using bytecode and a JVM, allowing Java programs to be executed on any platform that supports Java.

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56. How Java enabled High Performance?

Answer:

Java uses Just-In-Time compiler to enable high performance. Just-In-Time compiler is a program that turns Java bytecode, which is a program that contains instructions that must be interpreted into instructions that can be sent directly to the processor.

Java provides several features that enable high performance, including:

Just-In-Time (JIT) compilation - Java uses a JIT compiler to improve the performance of the code at runtime. The JIT compiler compiles the bytecode to native machine code, optimizing it for the specific hardware and operating system on which it is running. This approach allows Java to achieve performance similar to that of native code while still maintaining the benefits of platform independence.
Garbage collection - Java's automatic garbage collection feature allows it to manage memory usage efficiently. This means that Java programs can avoid common memory-related errors such as memory leaks, resulting in more stable and reliable performance.
Multithreading support - Java provides built-in support for multithreading, allowing programs to run multiple threads of execution simultaneously. This feature enables Java programs to take advantage of modern multi-core CPUs, improving performance on multi-threaded applications.
Platform independence - Java's platform independence allows it to run on a variety of hardware and operating systems. This means that Java programs can be optimized for the specific hardware and operating system on which they are running, leading to better performance.
Bytecode format - Java's bytecode format is highly optimized, allowing for efficient execution and minimizing the overhead of interpretation. This approach allows Java to achieve good performance even on systems with limited resources.

Overall, Java's combination of JIT compilation, garbage collection, multithreading support, platform independence, and optimized bytecode format enables it to deliver high performance, making it a popular choice for building high-performance applications.

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Question: Java Evaluation Short

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