Q: What is data independence in the context of physical database design?  

Answer: C

Answer: C) Hiding performance optimization decisions from end-users and applications

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Explanation: Data independence in physical database design means that the decisions made for performance optimization purposes should be invisible to end-users and applications.
It ensures that the changes made at the physical level, such as storage structures and indexing, do not impact the way users and applications interact with the database.
Data independence allows for flexibility and maintainability, as the underlying physical design can be modified without affecting the logical view of the database.

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