Q: Chauth and Sardeshmukhi were taken by  

Answer: C

Chauth (from Sanskrit meaning one-fourth) was a regular tax or tribute imposed, from early 18th century, by the Maratha Empire in India. It was an annual tax nominally levied at 25% on revenue or produce, hence the name. It was levied on the lands which were under the nominal Mughal rule. The Sardeshmukhi was an additional 10% levy on top of the Chauth. It is a tribute paid to the king.

Both type of tax started by Shivaji.

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