Q: What is the main effect of aldosterone?  

Answer: B

Aldosterone is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands in response to low blood pressure or low blood sodium levels. Its main effect is to increase the reabsorption of sodium ions from the distal tubules and collecting ducts of the nephron, and to increase the excretion of potassium ions. This process ultimately leads to an increase in blood volume and blood pressure. Aldosterone acts on the cells of the tubules and ducts, causing them to increase the expression of sodium channels and sodium-potassium pumps. This allows for more efficient reabsorption of sodium ions from the filtrate and into the bloodstream. In addition, aldosterone also stimulates the excretion of hydrogen ions and the reabsorption of bicarbonate ions, which helps to maintain the acid-base balance in the body.

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