Q: Which substance is acted upon by renin to convert it into angiotensin I?  

Answer: B

Renin is an enzyme that acts on angiotensinogen, a protein made by the liver and released into the bloodstream, to convert it into angiotensin I. This reaction is the first step in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), which plays a key role in regulating blood pressure and fluid balance in the body. Once angiotensin I is formed, it is further converted to angiotensin II by the action of ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme), an enzyme found in the lungs and other tissues. Angiotensin II causes constriction of blood vessels, which leads to an increase in blood pressure, and also stimulates the release of aldosterone from the adrenal glands, which promotes the retention of sodium and water in the body.

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