Q: Which of the following is the basic functional unit of the kidney?  

Answer: C

Nephrons are considered the functional units of the kidney as they are responsible for the filtration of blood, production of urine, and maintenance of electrolyte and fluid balance in the body. Each kidney contains millions of nephrons that consist of a glomerulus and a renal tubule. The glomerulus is a network of blood vessels responsible for the filtration of blood, while the renal tubule is responsible for the reabsorption and secretion of ions, water, and other molecules. The nephrons are also involved in the regulation of blood pressure and the production of hormones. Thus, the nephrons play a vital role in maintaining homeostasis in the body.

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