Q: What is not considered as a cause of urethral strictures?  

Answer: C

Urethral stricture is a condition where the urethra, the tube that carries urine out of the body, narrows, and restricts the flow of urine. Urethritis, catheterization, and sexually transmitted diseases are common causes of urethral strictures. Urethritis is an inflammation of the urethra, which can cause scarring and narrowing of the urethral lumen. Catheterization, especially if it is performed repeatedly, can also cause damage to the urethra and lead to scarring, which may result in strictures. Sexually transmitted diseases, such as gonorrhea and chlamydia, can cause urethritis and subsequent scarring of the urethra, leading to strictures. However, phimosis, which is the inability to retract the foreskin over the glans penis, is not a direct cause of urethral strictures. While phimosis can make it more challenging to pass urine, it is not directly related to the narrowing of the urethra, which is the defining characteristic of a urethral stricture.

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