Q: Which of these do not involve flagellar movement?  

Answer: D

Flagella are long, whip-like structures that are used for movement in many organisms. They are found in spermatozoa, where they provide motility for the sperm to swim towards the egg. They are also found in sponges, where they help to maintain a water current that brings in food and oxygen. In some protozoans, flagella are used for locomotion, such as in Euglena. However, macrophages, which are phagocytic cells of the immune system, do not use flagella for movement. Instead, they move by a process known as amoeboid movement, where they extend and retract pseudopods to crawl towards their target.

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