Q: __________ calculates the number of events occurring in a specific period, when given the average number of times the event occurs in that time span.  

Answer: D

The correct answer is "Poisson Distribution". The Poisson distribution is a discrete probability distribution that is often used to model the number of events occurring in a fixed interval of time or space, given the average number of events that occur during that interval. It is commonly used in fields such as insurance, finance, and telecommunications to model rare events such as accidents, equipment failures, or phone calls received per unit of time. The Poisson distribution is characterized by a single parameter λ (lambda), which represents the average rate of occurrence of the event.

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